When we think of Portuguese music, Fado in Portugal immediately springs to mind: a genre that is not just music but a deep expression of our culture and emotions. For those unfamiliar, Fado is a profoundly soulful and melancholic style of music that holds a special place in the hearts of the Portuguese people.
Origins of Fado
Fado’s roots can be difficult to trace back, but it originated in the heart of the historic neighbourhoods of Lisbon, particularly in Alfama and Mouraria. Its exact origins are somewhat mysterious, and there are several theories about it.
Some believe it originates in the songs of the Muslim people, which were markedly mournful and melancholic. Other theories point to fado’s origins in Lundum, the music of Brazilian slaves that reached us via sailors around 1820. Another hypothesis goes back to the medieval troubadours (trovadoeres) whose songs contain characteristics that fado retains. Over time, it evolved into the poignant and introspective genre we know today, embodying the Portuguese concept of saudade: a unique mix of longing, nostalgia, and melancholy.
Styles of Fado
There are primarily two main styles of Fado: Fado de Lisboa and Fado de Coimbra.
- Fado de Lisboa: This is the more traditional form, deeply rooted in the culture of Lisbon. It is characterised by its emotional intensity and is often performed in dimly lit Fado houses, where the atmosphere enhances the music’s haunting beauty.
- Fado de Coimbra: This version is associated with the academic traditions of the University of Coimbra. It is typically more refined and formal, often sung by male students in traditional academic dress. This style of Fado is also marked by its serenades and love themes.
- Fado Gingão: This version is a lively and cheerful variant of traditional Fado, also originating from the streets of Lisbon. Unlike the melancholic tones of classic Fado, fado gingão features a faster rhythm and more upbeat melodies, reflecting a more joyful and carefree aspect of Portuguese life.
Instruments
The instrumental backbone of Fado is the Portuguese guitar (a guitarra Portuguesa). It’s known for its distinctive, tear-shaped body and 12 strings, which produce a resonant and haunting sound. Accompanying the Portuguese guitar is the classical guitar, which provides a rich harmonic backdrop. Together, these instruments create the intricate and soulful melodies that define Fado.
When you see a Fado Concert
There are two sentences you’ll become familiar with when you go to a Fado Concert. The setting is usually low-lit and quiet. The first sentence usually uttered before the show starts is:
“Silêncio que se vai cantar o Fado” (Silence, Fado is going to be sung/about to be sung)
This is a traditional expression used in fado houses and fado performances. This phrase is a request for the audience to be quiet and pay attention to what follows: the performance of a fado singer. Fado is a type of music that often requires great concentration and an atmosphere of respect and silence so that the emotion and depth of the song can be fully appreciated. It is a moment of preparation and anticipation before the music begins.
The second sentence is:
“Há fadista!” (There is a Fado singer “here”/ we have a Fado singer)
This is an expression used to praise and acknowledge the skill and passion of a fado singer during or after a performance. It can be compared to saying “Bravo!” in other musical contexts. It is a way to show appreciation and enthusiasm for the fado singer’s performance, recognising their talent and the emotion conveyed by their interpretation.
These expressions are an integral part of the fado culture and demonstrate the deep respect and admiration that the people have for this musical genre.
Famous Fado Singers and Songs
Fado has given rise to many iconic singers whose voices have become synonymous with the genre.
- Amália Rodrigues: Often referred to as the “Queen of Fado,” Amália’s powerful and emotive singing brought Fado to international acclaim. Her songs like “Povo Que Lavas No Rio” and “Estranha Forma de Vida” are timeless classics.
- Carlos do Carmo: Another legend, known for his rich voice and profound interpretations, with hits such as “Lisboa Menina e Moça.”
- Mariza: A contemporary Fado star, Mariza has captivated audiences worldwide with her modern take on traditional Fado. Songs like “Ó Gente Da Minha Terra” showcase her stunning vocal prowess.
What Fado Means to the Portuguese People
Fado is more than just music; it’s a living expression of the Portuguese soul. It encapsulates our joys and sorrows, our history and dreams. Fado performances are deeply personal and communal experiences, where the singer and the audience share an intimate connection through the music. For many Portuguese, Fado is a reminder of our shared heritage and an emotional outlet that transcends words.
Learn Portuguese with the song: A Canção do Mar
In essence, Fado is a profound testament to our cultural identity. It continues evolving while staying true to its roots, ensuring future generations can experience its deep, emotional resonance. So, whether you’re a lifelong fan or a curious newcomer, Fado offers a wonderful journey into the heart of Portugal.